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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS);faqs.043



Email: [e-mail]

Alternative contact (if Dan cannot be reached:
                [e-mail] (John Mansperger)


Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 features

Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 is a fully integrated software
maintenance, testing, and re-engineering environment which addresses
many problems of the software development cycle, from design to
maintenance.

Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 parses FORTRAN source code, decomposes
system structure, and from this analysis, produces a single database
from which all of Hindsight's charts, diagrams and reports are
produced.  The results of Hindsight's analysis is a detailed picture
of the static structure of the software system, a representation of
the common and local data, and connections to the dynamically
collected run-time data.  From this, Hindsight generates active
structure charts where the user can isolate logical subtrees to
analyze both the parents and the children of a selected function.
Hindsight collects and analyzes performance, complexity, and test
coverage data.  With the structure chart, the user can display this
data in a graphical and easy to use format.  From the structure chart,
the user can edit multiple functions at a time without having to
specify the file or directory path where the file exists.  Hindsight
even displays the use of common blocks on the structure chart.
Lastly, Hindsight generates logic diagrams for the entire program,
provides point-and-click tracing between high-level and detailed logic
with active line numbers, and generates over fifty detailed reports.

All capabilities mentioned above are integrated in a menu
driven environment utilizing the OpenLook or Motif Graphical User
Interface. Engineers only need to specify a list of source files to be
analyzed and select the operation and parameters for their purposes.
Hindsight provides the ability for multiple diagrams and reports to be
produced simultaneously during a single Hindsight session.

Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 provides an innovative technique to
graphically represent a software system. The structure chart reflects
the system structure, from which the user can get a clear overview of
the program being examined. Hindsight also allows the user to view or
edit the original code with a click on any subprogram box in the
structure chart.  A major time-saving advance is Hindsight's ability
to reanalyze an edited function and update the structural database
without reanalyzing the entire system.  The J-Diagram and ActionPlus
diagram are two graphical representations of the logic in a software
system and can contain a single module or the entire system.  Both
diagrams utilize the active line number technique to link high-level
module calls with detailed module logic.  Hindsight also actively
links computed GOTO statements with their destination labels by
clicking on the label.  Users can walk through programs and trace the
logic without having to memorize the directories and files where
subprograms are defined and called. This technique saves a great deal
of the users time.

Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 has many integrated automated tools to
generate documents either on-screen or on paper. Because the documents
are automatically generated, they can be updated as soon as engineers
have modified their source code.  This approach guarantees the
consistency between the design documents and the source code.  The
updated and correct documents will be of great value in maintaining
and improving software products.  These documents are available
on-line to the user and readily accessible through Hindsight's
interactive report mechanism.

Hindsight Version 1.0 has the ability to provide segment or line test
coverage data.  Hindsight generates test coverage data and displays
the data on the structure chart in a statistical way.  Hindsight can
also display the precise location of testing deficiencies on the
J-Diagram, which helps engineers find the exact part of the program
where the code has not been tested. Hindsight's ability to display
performance data, complexity metrics, and test coverage data on charts
and diagrams play an important role in controlling program quality.

Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 uses a new notation for the J-diagram
which accommodates branch test coverage capability.  The new notation
has a better and more precise method of showing control levels,
complexity, and segment number counting.  The branch test coverage
data generation and display is a great enhancement for test coverage
analysis.  Hindsight's branch test coverage is able to detect
invisible branches, finding more problems that would otherwise be
hidden in programs.  With this information, users can add test cases
for covering the untested code.

Hindsight/FORTRAN Version 1.0 contains the ability to speed up the
development process by generating a specific order for coding the
modules of a users system.  By analyzing a group of modules containing
nothing more than empty shells of subprograms that call the other
subprograms in the system, Hindsight generates the coding order for
the modules to ensure that the process will be testable with the use
of a single driver process and without the need to stub out uncoded
subprograms.  The bottom-up coding approach saves time that would be
wasted coding unneeded stubs.  As development proceeds, Hindsight's
ability to verify that calls to other subprograms are utilizing the
proper interface will also save time and improve program quality.

Other tools:

              Refine/FORTRAN  ("re-engineering tool")
        Reasoning Systems Inc
        415 494 6201

        FORM (graphical interface to toolpack)
        University of Kent 44 227 762811


        pub/fortran/fxref.tar.Z from biome.bio.ns.ca.
        create cross reference of a FORTRAN program.

        CLEAN77 available from Purdue University.
        Mail Greg Flint (afc.klaatu.cc.purdue.edu) for more info.

        There is a program called TIDY that is available via
        FTP from simtel20  pub/msdos/fortran/tidy621.zip on
        oak.oakland.edu

Q13) Why are there aimless debates?

    There are some  persistent individuals who would like computer systems
    to work in a fashion somewhat unlike they do now. It seems pointless
    to debate with them; the debates (in various groups) always take
    the same form and never result in meaningful dialog.

    One can usually recognize such by reading a week or so's worth of
    postings. Sometimes you may have to read for a month to recognize
    such. When you do, please try to avoid triggering (or responding to)
    such individuals.

    Many (if not most) newsreaders support a feature entitled KILL files.
    As you recognize individuals, you may wish to put them into your
    local kill file. For example, the style employed by GNUS:

    (gnus-kill "From" "[e-mail]")
    (gnus-kill "Subject" "test")

    the first kills off all postings from the named individual,
    the second kills off all postings including the beloved "test" string.
    See your local NewsGod for details suitable for your local system.

Q14) How do I call f77 from C (and visa versa)
     This is quite platform dependent. For Suns see the FORTRAN User's
     Guide, Chapter 14.

    There is a package available from usenet which attempts to make
    this "quick and easy" for a wide range of platforms:

   ftp.uu.net   (137.39.1.9) Location: /comp.sources.misc/volume20
      DIRECTORY rwxr-xr-x       512  Jun 27  1991   cfortran

   It is on many other sites (around the world) too. See archie if
   you need other pointers.

   For some systems, you have to initialize a runtime system explicitly
   if you call a different language, and stopping execution from the
   other program may not work.


Q15) What constitutes good FORTRAN style?

One rendition of a FORTRAN 77 style guide is available through anonymous
ftp from ics.uci.edu (128.195.1.1).  To retrieve (please note that it's
not really "anonymous", that's just the Name that you'll be using):

% ftp ics.uci.edu
anonymous
<enter your e-mail address at Password: prompt>
cd pub/levine
ascii
get F77_Style_Guide
bye

If you can't access this site directly, please send an e-mail request to
[e-mail] (BITNET: levine@uci, UUCP: ...!uunet!ucivax!levine).

Q16) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my Fortran into C.
    What tools are available?

    f90 from NAG, see above
    f2c see above.

    FORTRAN=C=FORTRIX=Rapitech Rapitech [phone]
    FORTRAN=C=FOR_C=Cobalt Blue  404 518 1116
    FORTRAN=C=PROMULA.FORTRAN=Promula [phone]

Q17) For whatever reasons, I want to translate my existing C code
     into Fortran. What tools are available?

Regretably none. This is indeed unfortunate, as even a limited
translator could help with typical C header files.

Q18) What is preprocessing, how can it help? How can it hurt?

Preprocessing often refers to usage of a Macro-prepressor upon ones
source code prior to compilation.

       How can this help?

It can make it easier to move code between machines.

       How can this hurt?

It can cause difficulties in compilation of the processed code; most (if
not all) macro-preprocessors know nothing about Fortran syntax and
code layout rules. So, a common problem is that after preprocessing
some text may be lost past "sacred" column 72. Those working with
compilers that optionally compile *past* line 72 should probably
employ that option when using a preprocessor.

Common prepressors are: cpp, m4, and ratfor. Many sites have their
own custom prepressors. Basic functions are:

    1) definition of a symbol
    2) conditional code selection based on a symbol
    3) substition of a symbol by its definition

Traditional BSD Unix f77 processors treat a file named foo.F (as
opposed to foo.f) as one that should be run through cpp prior to
compilation "automatically".

Q19) How can I convert an existing FORTRAN 77 program to the free form
     source of Fortran 90?

A program to do this, CONVERT, may be obtained by sending a request
to [e-mail].

Q20) Who creates these silly standards anyway?

Typically X3J3. X3J3 is an ANSI subcommittee dedicated to Fortran. WG5
is the ISO counterpart. WG5 owns responsibility for Fortran on an
international basis. WG5 has previously tasked X3J3 to do the work.
This arrangement continues.

WG5 is composed of Fortran users, vendors, and academics from several
ISO supporting nations. Delegates represent *their*countries* not
their companies; so several delegates from a single company is
permitted.

ANSI rules prohibit multiple voting delegates from the same company.
X3J3 is composed of users (aerospace, government labs, military, DECUS,
railroads, oil to name a few), vendors (IBM, CRI, Sun, Convex, DEC,
UNISYS, to name a few) and the odd academic (oxford, yale, liverpool, to
name a couple). Members need not be US citizens nor must their company
be US domiciled. Being a member of a standards group is typically
involves non-trivial work. To be effective, one should plan on at
least 8 weeks of time per year (those who are really doing the hard
work do far more). This time commitment is typically far more
expensive than the travel and membership costs.

X3J3 meetings are open to the public. There are typically 4 meetings a
year, typically 3 are in the US and 1 *may* be overseas (to precede or
follow the WG5 plenary session). Membership fees are levied by ANSI,
and are on the near order of $400 (plus an extra $300ish for those who
wish to be members of the US delegation to ISO). In addition,
attendees to a particular X3J3 meeting pay a "meeting fee" which
covers reproduction costs, snacks and etc.

WG5 has established various goals and targets for future work. Roughly
speaking 5yrs rather than 13years are the targets for future work.

Current work projects include cleanup and interpretations of Fortran
(90), features for future versions of the standard (e.g. parallel
processing, "object-oriented" technologies, etc.). In addition to work
done directly by X3J3, there is work on standardized modules, and OS
bindings taking place in other organizations. X3J3 would like to keep
track of such efforts, those involved are invited to inform X3J3 early
in their development efforts if possible. X3J3 is currently working
with X3H5, DIN (varying string character) and tracking the efforts of
HPFF.

New members are always welcome. Visitors are also; though it is very
hard to get a good grip on things in only one meeting!

Contact the X3J3 chair or vice-chair for more information:

    [e-mail]   chair
    [e-mail]  vice-chair

Upcoming meetings are:

     9 Nov - 13 Nov  New Haven (Yale)
     8 Feb - 12 Feb  Ft. Lauderdale (Harris)

Q21) How can I read my VAX binary data somewhere else?

     Some vendors provide bulit in methods (DEC provides this via
     special options on the OPEN statement). Others provide library support
     (on SPARC products, with the SunPro compilers, checkout convert_external)
     In addition, Accerl8 provides a commerial tool. Contact:

    Robert Hickler                            Tel   [phone]
    Accelr8 Technology                        Email [e-mail]

     for more information.

The following three Q's and A's based on email from:
    [e-mail] (Thomas Koenig)

Q22) My F77 program compiled ok on a <system1>, but gives me heaps of
     syntax errors on a <system2>. What's wrong?

     Most likely, the program was written with a line length greater than
     72. If your compiler supports it, turn on the option for greater
     line length (e.g. -e is not uncommon) ; otherwise, split up the
     lines by hand, or via one of those pretty-printers/restructing
     tools mentioned above.

Q23) My F77 program ran ok on a <system1>, but on a <system2> it just gives
     me strange results. What's wrong?

     There are different reasons why this could be. Possibly, your program
     violates the standard in some way which is not caught by the compiler
     on <system1>.

     Many programs rely on variables to be initialized to zero when a
     subroutine or function is first called, and also on the retention
     of values between calls. While many compilers (VAX/VMX and IBM VS,
     for example) exhibit this behaviour, compilers on newer
     architectures often fill variables with garbage on each new
     function call. This is permitted, according to the standard.

     Initialize variables explicitly, and put the variables which you need
     to keep across function calls into SAVE statements. Your compiler may
     have an option to trap unititialized variables; use that to find the
     trouble spots. Alternatively, compile using a flag which forces
     static allocation of all variables.

     Another problem might be that the accuracy of REAL and DOUBLE
     PRECISION differs between different platforms; that can cause
     roundoff error to wipe out your results or your program to go
     into endless loops.

     Yet another (and much more subtle) problem can occur if a lot of
     formatted I/O is employed. The conversion from internal to
     external representations can introduce very significant errors;
     much worse on some platforms than others (doing correctly rounded
     base conversion is expensive).

     There are, of course, lots of other possibilities, these are just
     a starting point.

Q24) Is there a WEB for Fortran (and what is web anyway)?

     fweb is available via anonymous ftp; use archie(above) to
     determine current location(s).

     As for the more general question, what is WEB .... WEB is a
     "literate" programming system created by Knuth (he of reference
     book fame, and TeX fame, and etc.). It permits the programmer to
     write code and documentation together. WEB takes the "high level
     code and documentation" and creates real publishable
     documentation (using TeX or LaTeX) and compilable code. WEB
     versions for many languages are available.

Q25) Where can I find coded BLAS (and what are coded BLAS?)

The BLAS (basic linear algebra software) comes in several flavors:
BLAS-1, -2, and -3. These can be described as scalar, vector and
matrix-matrix levels. "Coded" BLAS are either hand coded in assembler,
or at least tweaked for a given machine. Some vendors provide these,
some are provided on the net (see archie) and some are marketed by
various commercial organizations.

In addition, it should be noted that BLAS-3 is very amenable to
parallel processing. Done cleverly, this could be done by a network of
processors over a net. DSS markets just such an implementation. Contact:

     Mike Boucher
    Dakota Scientific Software, Inc.
    501 East Saint Joseph Street
    Rapid City, SD  57701-3995
    fax: [phone]
    [e-mail]

for more information about their implementation.

Q26)  How common is DO ... END DO

      It is very common; and of course is part of Fortran 90.
      Compilers claimed to *not* support it (much shorter list this
      way)

              1) Salford ftn77/Primos version
        2) Prime f77 compiler
        3) Microsoft Fortran for CP/M 8080/Z80 machines
        4) Fujitsu VPxxx UXP/M compiler


Q27) Where can I learn more about the history of Fortran?
From: [e-mail] (Michael Metcalf )
The history of Fortran is documented in:

Annals of History of Computing, 6, 1, January, 1984 (whole issue).

Programming Systems and Languages (S. Rosen ed.), McGraw Hill, 1967, pp 29-47
    (this is Backus's original paper).

History of Prorammining Languages (R.L. Wexelblat ed.), Academic Press, 1981,
              pp 25-74.

A summary appears in vol. 5 of the Encyclopedia of Science and Technology,
Academic Press, 1986, under 'Fortran'.
and in Chapter 1 of Fortran 90 Explained (Oxford, 1990).

--
----------------------------------------------------------------
Keith H. Bierman    [e-mail]| [e-mail]
SunPro 2550 Garcia MTV 12-40             | (415 336 2648) fax [phone]
Mountain View, CA 94043  <speaking for myself, not Sun*> Copyright 1992
Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu sci.fractals:496 news.answers:4693
Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!stanford.edu!agate!sprite.berkeley.edu!shirriff
From: [e-mail] (Ken Shirriff)
Newsgroups: sci.fractals,news.answers
Subject: Fractal FAQ
Supersedes: <[e-mail]>
Followup-To: sci.fractals
Date: 19 Dec 1992 20:16:35 GMT
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
Lines: 1083
Approved: [e-mail]
Expires: 12 Jan 1993 20:17:52 GMT
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: hijack.berkeley.edu
Summary: Fractal software, algorithms, definitions, and references.
Keywords: fractals, chaos, Mandelbrot

Archive-name: fractal-faq
Last-modified: December 7, 1992

This file is a frequently asked questions file for sci.fractals.  The purpose
of this file is to collect common fractal questions and answers into a con-
venient file.

Like most FAQs, a copy of this FAQ is archived at various places such as pit-
manager.mit.edu [18.72.1.58]: /pub/usenet/news.answers/fractal-faq and
ftp.uu.net [137.39.1.9 or 192.48.96.9]: /usenet/news.answers/fractal-faq.Z .

I am happy to receive more information to add to this file.  Also, if you can
correct mistakes you find, let me know.  Remember, this file depends on your
feedback and contributions.  If you think it should have more information on
some area, please send me that information.

Please send additions, comments, errors, etc. to Ken Shirriff
([e-mail]).

Updated questions are marked with an asterisk.  The questions which are
answered are:
Q1a: What is fractint?
Q1b: How does fractint achieve its speed?
Q2a: Where can I obtain software packages to generate fractals?
Q2b: Where can I obtain fractal papers?
Q3: Where can I get fractal T-shirts and posters?
Q4a: How does anonymous ftp work?
Q4b: What if I can't use ftp to access files?
Q5: Where is alt.fractals.pictures archived?
Q6: I want to learn about fractals.  What should I read first?
Q7a: What is the Mandelbrot set?
Q7b: How is the Mandelbrot set actually computed?
Q7c: Why do you start with z=0?
Q7d: What are the bounds of the Mandelbrot set?  When does it diverge?
Q7e: How can I speed up Mandelbrot set generation?
Q7f: What is the area of the Mandelbrot set?
Q7g: What can you say about the structure of the Mandelbrot set?
Q7h: Is the Mandelbrot set connected?
Q8a: What is the difference between the Mandelbrot set and a Julia set?
Q8b: What is the connection between the Mandelbrot set and Julia sets?
Q8c: How is a Julia set actually computed?
Q8d: What are some Julia set facts?
Q9a: How does complex arithmetic work?
Q9b: How does quaternion arithmetic work?
Q10a: What is an iterated function system (IFS)?
Q10b: What is the state of fractal compression?
Q11a: How can you make a chaotic oscillator?
Q11b: What are laboratory demonstrations of chaos?
Q12: How are fractal mountains generated?
Q13: What are plasma clouds?
Q14a: Where are the popular periodically-forced Lyapunov fractals described?
Q14b: What are Lyapunov exponents?
Q14c: How can Lyapunov exponents be calculated?
Q15: What is the logistic equation?
Q16: What is chaos?
Q17: What is nonlinearity? What are nonlinear equations?
Q18: What is a fractal? What are some examples of fractals?
Q19a: What is fractal dimension? How is it calculated?
Q19b: What is topological dimension?
Q20: What is a strange attractor?
Q21: How can I join the BITNET fractal discussion?
Q22: How can 3-D fractals be generated?
Q23: What are some general references on fractals and chaos?

You can search for the question you're interested in in "rn" or "trn" using
"g^Q11" (that's lower-case g, up-arrow, Q, and a number) where "11" is the
question you wish.  Or you may browse forward using <control-G> to search for
a Subject: line.

Questions and answers

------------------------------

Subject: Fractint

Q1a: What is fractint?
A1a: Fractint is a very popular freeware (not public domain) fractal genera-
tor.  There are DOS, Windows, OS/2, and Unix/X versions.  The DOS version is
the original version, and is the most up-to-date.  The Unix version is still
slightly buggy.

Please note: sci.fractals is not a product support newsgroup for fractint.
Bugs in fractint/xfractint should usually go to the authors rather than being
posted.

Fractint is on many ftp sites.  For example:
DOS: ftp to wuarchive.wustl.edu [128.252.135.4].  The source is in the file
    /mirrors/msdos/graphics/frasr172.zip.  The executable is in the file
    /mirrors/msdos/graphics/frain172.zip.
Windows: ftp to wuarchive.wustl.edu.  The source is in the file
    /mirrors/msdos/windows3/winsr173.zip.  The executable is in the file
    /mirrors/msdos/windows3/winfr173.zip.
OS/2: available on Compuserve in its GRAPHDEV forum.  The files are PM*.ZIP.
    These files are also available from ftp-os2.nmsu.edu in
    /pub/os2/pmfract.zoo, and from hobbes.nmsu.edu.
Unix: ftp to sprite.berkeley.edu [128.32.150.27].  The source is in the file
    xfract108.shar.Z.  Note: sprite is an unreliable machine; if you can't
    connect to it, try again in a few hours, or try hijack.berkeley.edu.
Macintosh: there is no Macintosh version of fractint, although there are
    several people working on a port. It is possible to run fractint on the
    Macintosh if you use Insignia Software's SoftAT, which is a PC AT emula-
    tor.

For European users, these files are available from ftp.uni-koeln.de.  If you
can't use ftp, see the mail server info in Q3.

Q1b: How does fractint achieve its speed?
A1b: Fractint's speed (such as it is) is due to a combination of:

1. using fixed point math rather than floating point where possible (huge im-
provement for non-coprocessor machine, small for 486's).

2. exploiting symmetry of fractal.

3. detecting nearly repeating orbits, avoid useless iteration (e.g. repeatedly
iterating 0^2+0 etc. etc.).

4. reducing computation by guessing solid areas (especially the "lake" area).

5. using hand-coded assembler in many places.

6. obtaining both sin and cos from one 387 math coprocessor instruction.

7. using good direct memory graphics writing in 256-color modes.

The first four are probably the most important. Some of these introduce er-
rors, usually quite acceptable.

------------------------------

Subject: Other fractal software

Q2a: Where can I obtain software packages to generate fractals?
A2a:
For X windows:
    xmntns and xlmntn: these generate fractal mountains.  They can be obtained
        from ftp.uu.net [137.39.1.9] in the directory
        /usenet/comp.sources.x/volume8/xmntns.
    xfroot: generates a fractal root window.
    xmartin: generates a Martin hopalong root window.
    xmandel: generates Mandelbrot/Julia sets.
    xfroot, xmartin, xmandel are part of the X11 distribution.
    lyap: generates Lyapunov exponent images.  Ftp from: ftp.uu.net in
        /usenet/comp.sources.x/volume16/lyap.
    spider: Uses Thurston's algorithm for computing postcritically finite po-
        lynomials, draws Mandelbrot and Julia sets using the Koebe algorithm,
        and draws Julia set external angles.  Ftp from: lyapunov.ucsd.edu in
        pub/inls-ucsd/spider.

Distributed X systems:
    MandelSpawn: computes Mandelbrot/Julia sets on a network of machines.  Ftp
        from: export.lcs.mit.edu [18.24.0.12]: /contrib/mandelspawn-0.06.tar.Z
        or funic.funet.fi[128.214.6.100]: /pub/X11/contrib/mandelspawn-
        0.06.tar.Z.
    gnumandel: computes Mandelbrot images on a network.  Ftp from:
        informatik.tu-muenchen.de [131.159.0.110] in /pub/GNU/gnumandel.

For Unix/C:
    lsys: generates L-systems as PostScript or other textual output. No graph-
        ical interface at present. (in C++) Ftp from: ftp.cs.unc.edu in
        pub/lsys.tar.Z.
    lyapunov: generates PGM Lyapunov exponent images.  Ftp from: ftp.uu.net in
        /usenet/comp.sources.misc/volume23/lyapuov.  SPD: contains generators
        for fractal mountain, tree, recursive tetrahedron.  Ftp from:
        princeton.edu [128.112.128.1] in /pub/Graphics.

For Mac:
    fractal, L-System, 3DL-System, IFS, FracHill are available from
        ftphost.aukuni.ac.nz [130.216.1.5] in the architec directory.
    fractal-wizard-15.hqx, julias-dream-107.hqx, mandel-net.hqx, mandel-zot-
        304.hqx, and mandella-70.hqx are available from sumex.stanford.edu in
        /info-mac/app.
    mandel-tv: a very fast Mandelbrot generator.  Ftp from: oswego.oswego.edu
        [129.3.1.1] in /pub/mac/da/mandel-tv.hqx.
    There are also commercial programs, such as IFS Explorer and Fractal Clip
    Art, which are published by Koyn Software [phone].

For NeXT:
    Lyapunov: generates Lyapunov exponent images.  Ftp from:
        nova.cc.purdue.edu in /pub/next/2.0-release/source.

For MSDOS:
    Fractal WitchCraft: a very fast fractal design program.  Ftp from:
        garbo.uwasa.fi [128.214.87.1] in /pc/demo/fw1-08.zip.
    CAL: generates 15 types of fractals including Mandelbrot, Lyapunov, IFS,
        and user-defined formulas.  Ftp from: oak.oakland.edu [141.210.10.117]
        (or any other Simtel mirror) in pub/msdos/graphics/frcal030.zip.
    Fractal Discovery Laboratory: designed for use in a science museum or
        school setting.  The Lab has five sections: Art Gallery ( 72 images --
        Mandelbrots, Julias, Lyapunovs), Microscope ( 85 images -- Biomorph,
        Mandelbrot, Lyapunov, ...), Movies (165 images, 6 "movies":  Mandel-
        brot Evolution, Splitting a Mini-Mandelbrot, Fractal UFO, ...), Tools
        (Gingerbreadman, Lorentz Equations, Fractal Ferns, von Koch Snowflake,
        Sierpinski Gasket), and Library (Dictionary, Books and Articles).
        Sampler available from Compuserver GRAPHDEV Lib 4 in DISCOV.ZIP, or
        send high-density disk and self-addressed, stamped envelope to: Earl
        F. Glynn, 10808 West 105th Street, Overland Park, Kansas 66214-3057.
    There are a whole bunch of fractal programs available from wsmr-
    simtel20.army.mil [192.88.110.20] in the directory "pd1:<msdos.graphics>":
        forb01a.zip: Displays orbits of Mandelbrot mapping. C/E/VGA
        fract30.arc: Mandelbrot/Julia set 2D/3D EGA/VGA Fractal Gen
        fractfly.zip: Create Fractal flythroughs with FRACTINT
        frain172.zip: FRACTINT v17.2 EGA/VGA/XGA fractal generator
        frasr172.zip: C & ASM src for FRACTINT v17.2 fractal gen.
        frcal030.zip: Fractal drawing program: 15 formulae available
        frcaldmo.zip: 800x600x256 demo images for FRCAL030.ZIP
        frpor172.zip: Xfract-compatible Fractint 17.2 source
        fdesign.zip: Program to visually design IFS fractals